What Does Laser Eye Surgery Do?

 

Laser eye surgery is a widely used medical procedure that corrects vision problems by reshaping the cornea with a laser. It is primarily used to treat refractive errors such as nearsightedness (myopia), farsightedness (hyperopia), and astigmatism. Many people choose laser eye surgery as a long-term alternative to wearing glasses or contact lenses, as it can significantly improve vision and, in many cases, eliminate the need for corrective eyewear altogether.

How Laser Eye Surgery Works

The cornea is the clear, dome-shaped front surface of the eye that helps focus light onto the retina. When a person has a refractive error, the shape of the cornea Laser Eye Surgery is not ideal, causing light to focus incorrectly, leading to blurry vision. Laser eye surgery works by reshaping the cornea so that light is properly focused onto the retina, resulting in clearer vision.

The procedure typically involves the following steps:

  1. Pre-surgery Preparation – The patient undergoes a thorough eye examination to determine their suitability for the surgery. The ophthalmologist assesses factors such as corneal thickness, prescription strength, and overall eye health.
  2. Anesthetic Application – Numbing eye drops are applied to prevent discomfort during the procedure.
  3. Corneal Reshaping – A laser is used to precisely reshape the cornea. In some procedures, a thin flap is created and lifted before the laser treatment, which is then repositioned afterward.
  4. Recovery and Aftercare – The healing process begins immediately, with most patients experiencing improved vision within a few days. Follow-up appointments ensure proper healing and monitor any potential complications.

Types of Laser Eye Surgery

There are several types of laser eye surgery, each designed to correct different vision problems:

  • LASIK (Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis) – The most common type of laser eye surgery, LASIK involves creating a thin flap on the cornea, reshaping the underlying tissue with a laser, and repositioning the flap. It is known for quick recovery times and minimal discomfort.
  • LASEK (Laser-Assisted Subepithelial Keratectomy) / PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy) – These procedures involve reshaping the cornea without creating a flap, making them suitable for patients with thinner corneas. Healing takes slightly longer than LASIK, but the outcomes are similar.
  • SMILE (Small Incision Lenticule Extraction) – A newer technique that uses a laser to create a small disc (lenticule) within the cornea, which is then removed through a tiny incision. It is a minimally invasive option with fast recovery.

Benefits of Laser Eye Surgery

  • Improved Vision – Most patients achieve 20/20 vision or better.
  • Long-Term Cost Savings – While the upfront cost can be high, it eliminates the need for glasses, contact lenses, and related expenses.
  • Quick and Painless Procedure – The surgery takes only about 15 minutes per eye, with little to no discomfort.
  • Fast Recovery – Many patients notice better vision within 24 hours.

Laser eye surgery is a life-changing procedure that corrects vision by reshaping the cornea. With different techniques available, it provides an effective solution for those looking to reduce or eliminate their dependence on glasses or contact lenses. However, it is essential to consult with an eye specialist to determine the best option based on individual eye health and vision needs.